翼型低雷诺数层流分离现象随雷诺数的演化特征

层流分离现象是翼型低雷诺数条件下出现的典型流场特征。层流分离流动中包含流动分离、转捩、再附等非定常流动结构，层流分离流动的形成与演化会对翼型气动特性产生恶化作用。采用大涡模拟（LES）方法对低雷诺数范围内不同雷诺数下的翼型层流分离流动开展精细数值模拟，研究了雷诺数对翼型气动特性的影响规律及作用机理。LES方法采用隐式亚格子模型，基于结构化拼接网格，对流项离散和时间推进方法分别采用AUSM⁺格式以及双时间步方法。验证算例计算结果表明数值模拟方法的正确性及可靠性，雷诺数对翼型气动特性具有显著影响。随雷诺数降低，时均分离泡外形增大、位置后移，平均阻力系数增大，特别是在较低雷诺数下，翼型升阻力系数随时间出现振荡现象。进一步研究表明，造成不同时均分离泡形态和气动特性的原因在于翼型上表面分离剪切层的失稳与转捩特征。随雷诺数降低，流动黏性增大，导致分离剪切层速度梯度减小，流动发生转捩及再附位置后移，直至翼型表面不再发生转捩和再附。     

飞秒激光能量密度对镍基合金重铸层和加工效率的影响

以航空发动机叶片制孔为导向,结合飞秒激光对单晶镍基高温合金材料的非热熔性损伤阈值(Φth1)和热熔性损伤阈值(Φth2)特征,研究了飞秒激光能量密度(0Φ44.2J/cm2)对制孔重铸层和加工效率的影响规律。研究结果表明:在Φth1ΦΦth2时,镍基合金经飞秒激光加工后加工侧壁没有出现明显的重铸物;在ΦΦth2时,加工侧壁开始出现重铸物,并随着能量密度的增加,重铸层厚度增大。在试验结果的基础上,建立了飞秒激光单脉冲加工深度与能量密度的定量关系。能量密度越高,飞秒激光单脉冲加工深度越大,加工效率越高。     

进气道堵盖打开过程数值模拟

为获得整体式固冲发动机转级过程中进气道堵盖(包括入口堵盖与出口堵盖)打开过程的流动形态,建立了进气道二维模型,利用Fluent动网格技术和UDF方法,开展了进气道堵盖打开过程非稳态流场研究。结果表明,在入口堵盖打开前,进气道前端形成强烈的弓形激波;在入口打开、出口未开的过程中,沿进气道轴向各监测点压强呈现周期性变化,振荡频率为100 Hz左右,出口堵盖位置压强振荡幅值为0.53 MPa;在出口打开后,补燃室残余热量形成的压强峰导致进气道在短时间内无法起动,随着背压降低至小于进气道再起动反压,进气道完全起动。     

共轴倾转旋翼性能计算方法

共轴倾转旋翼飞行器是一款可折叠机翼的高速旋翼飞行器。本文建立了适用于共轴倾转旋翼飞行器直升机模式、倾转过渡模式和固定翼飞机模式的旋翼性能计算方法,并对比风洞试验数据验证了共轴倾转旋翼轴流状态的性能和共轴双旋翼前飞状态的性能。在此基础上,分析了共轴倾转旋翼在倾转过渡状态各性能参数的变化规律、上下旋翼诱导速度的分布情况、上下旋翼之间的干扰面积和干扰因子的变化趋势。结论表明:相同来流速度下,当倾转角增大,共轴倾转旋翼的拉力系数减小,功率系数先增大后减小,上下旋翼的受干扰面积和干扰因子均增大。     

三维可压缩 Navier-Stokes 方程的间断Galerkin 有限元方法研究

拓展了二维间断 Galerkin(DG)有限元方法研究，将该数值方法用于三维可压缩欧拉方程和 Navier-Stokes方程的求解。基于六面体网格单元，采用插值方法将物面的四边形面网格单元构造为弯曲面网格单元，更好地表述了真实物面特征；物面边界相邻体网格单元相应构造为高阶体网格单元，其余体网格单元采用八节点六面体单元，以较小的计算代价使网格满足 DG 方法计算需求。通过对三维带 bump 管道内流、圆球绕流以及旋转流线体绕流进行的数值求解，验证了边界弯曲方法的可行性及 DG 方法的高精度特性。此外，由于采用了隐式计算方法，仅需较少的时间步就能迭代收敛。     

Theoretical aspects of selecting repeated unit cell model in micromechanical analysis using displacement-based finite element method

Repeated Unit Cell(RUC)is a useful tool in micromechanical analysis of composites using Displacement-based Finite Element(DFE)method,and merely applying Periodic Displacement Boundary Conditions(PDBCs)to RUC is almost a standard practice to conduct such analysis.Two basic questions arising from this practice are whether Periodic Traction Boundary Conditions(PTBCs,also known as traction continuity conditions)are guaranteed and whether the solution is independent of selection of RUCs.This paper presents the theoretical aspects to tackle these questions,which unify the strong form,weak form and DFE method of the micromechanical problem together.Specifically,the solution’s independence of selection of RUCs is dealt with on the strong form side,PTBCs are derived from the weak form as natural boundary conditions,and the validity of merely applying PDBCs in micromechanical Finite Element(FE)analysis is proved by referring to its intrinsic connection to the strong form and weak form.Key points in the theoretical aspects are demonstrated by illustrative examples,and the merits of setting micromechanical FE analysis under the background of a clear theoretical framework are highlighted in the efficient selection of RUCs for Uni Directional(UD)fiber-reinforced composites.     

基于一种新的均匀化实施方法的FRP刚度预测

基于一种新的渐近均匀化(AH)实施方法,预测并讨论了单向纤维增强复合材料(FRP)的宏观等效弹性性能及纤维排列方式对等效力学性能的影响。该方法方便地将有限元分析(FEA)软件作为一个工具箱使用,只需在单胞上施加简单位移周期边界条件开展静力学分析,即可经过简单计算得到等效弹性常数,相比传统均匀化实施方法显著降低了实施难度并简化了计算过程。通过对比不同数值方法的结果验证了该方法的有效性和精确性。数值结果表明:六边形排列下单向纤维增强复合材料呈现横观各向同性,而正方形排列下则呈现宏观正交各向异性,经过刚度平均化过程可得到横观各向异性材料性质,纤维体积含量对两种排列方式下材料等效弹性模量影响显著但有所差别。     

一种修正的Osher通量在高阶WCNS中的特性

将一种基于多维修正的Osher通量运用于高阶加权紧致非线性格式(WCNS)中,该修正通量主要在垂直于激波面的界面上增加耗散,能够改善Osher通量的激波捕捉稳定性,同时对边界层和接触间断的分辨率影响非常小。对修正的Osher通量在高阶WCNS中的特性进行研究,通过数值模拟测试了基于Osher通量的WCNS的激波稳定性、热流预测精度、边界层模拟能力、激波边界层干扰模拟能力,并与Steger-Warming通量和Roe通量进行了对比。结果表明修正后的Osher通量比Harten修正的Roe通量具有更好的激波捕捉鲁棒性,而边界层、驻点热流值和激波边界层干扰的模拟则明显优于Steger-Warming通量。上述结果说明了基于修正的Osher通量的高阶WCNS具有较好的激波捕捉特性、热流预测精度和边界层计算能力。     

扩压叶栅剪敏液晶试验与图像处理

基于剪敏液晶涂层(SSLCC)材料的光学特性,发展了适合于内流场狭小空间环境下的SSLCC边界层流动显示技术:设计并加工了微型摄像头-发光二极管(LED)组合式图像采集设备解决拍摄光路问题;基于二维SSLCC图像与三维模型的空间映射关系,建立了真实模型的三维重构方法;通过SSLCC图像光谱Hue色相值转化,实现了液晶图像信息的定量分析。以西北工业大学高亚声速平面叶栅风洞为平台,开展了某扩压叶栅吸力面边界层流态的剪敏液晶流动显示试验。结果表明:所发展的剪敏液晶显示技术可进行叶栅内流场边界层的流态测量;所建立的图像处理方法可为边界层流动特征的辨识及其特征位置确定提供技术支撑;在来流马赫数为0.12、攻角为0°的条件下,叶片吸力面边界层沿流向依次经历了层流边界层分离、再附着及转捩为湍流状态的过程,且边界层的发展受叶栅角区分离流动影响,造成其前缘分离区减小,再附着点和边界层转捩位置向前缘移动。     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.